diff --git a/pySim-shell.py b/pySim-shell.py
index d24a881f..594ad974 100755
--- a/pySim-shell.py
+++ b/pySim-shell.py
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ def init_card(sl):
 
 	# Create runtime state with card profile
 	profile = CardProfileUICC()
-	profile.add_application(CardApplicationUSIM)
-	profile.add_application(CardApplicationISIM)
+	profile.add_application(CardApplicationUSIM())
+	profile.add_application(CardApplicationISIM())
 	rs = RuntimeState(card, profile)
 
 	# FIXME: do this dynamically
diff --git a/pySim/ts_31_102.py b/pySim/ts_31_102.py
index faf0f38d..14d7ec1e 100644
--- a/pySim/ts_31_102.py
+++ b/pySim/ts_31_102.py
@@ -1115,4 +1115,6 @@ sw_usim = {
     }
 }
 
-CardApplicationUSIM = CardApplication('USIM', adf=ADF_USIM(), sw=sw_usim)
+class CardApplicationUSIM(CardApplication):
+    def __init__(self):
+	    super().__init__('USIM', adf=ADF_USIM(), sw=sw_usim)
diff --git a/pySim/ts_31_103.py b/pySim/ts_31_103.py
index e1f552fb..63ef99ea 100644
--- a/pySim/ts_31_103.py
+++ b/pySim/ts_31_103.py
@@ -223,4 +223,6 @@ sw_isim = {
     }
 }
 
-CardApplicationISIM = CardApplication('ISIM', adf=ADF_ISIM(), sw=sw_isim)
+class CardApplicationISIM(CardApplication):
+    def __init__(self):
+	    super().__init__('ISIM', adf=ADF_ISIM(), sw=sw_isim)